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- Jared Sousa 1/20/96
-
- Descriptive Research
-
- Thesis: The amount of sun people receive affects their mood.
-
- A young woman lies asleep on a cold, overcast winter morning. At 4 A.M., a faint
- incandescence radiates from a light bulb placed near her bed. The light gradually gains
- intensity and covers until 6 A.M., when the woman awakes. She had just experienced a
- simulated dawn of a new day. After being treated with this for several days, the woman's
- annual winter depression slowly goes away. Does this mean that the less sun you get the
- worse you feel, or perhaps the more you get the better your mood? It is very possible that
- you may feel this way as millions of people worldwide have experienced it first-hand. This
- phenomena is still sort of a mystery as many researchers don't completely understand why
- this happens. "It may be that certain individuals have inherited vulnerability that causes
- them to develop depression in the absence of exposure to sufficient environmental light"1.
- Frederick A. Cook, the arctic explorer, provided a vivid description of the effects of
- prolonged darkness on the human psyche: "The curtain of blackness which has overfallen the
- outer world has also descended upon the inner world of our souls," Cook wrote in his
- journal on May 16, 1898, "Around our tables . . . . men are sitting about sad and dejected
- lost in dreams of melancholy. For brief moments some try to break the spell by jokes, told
- perhaps for the 50th time. Others grind out a cheerful philosophy; but all efforts to
- infuse bright hopes fail."2 Some believe that light affects the body's ability to make
- serotonin, a neurotransmitter that helps induce feelings of calm and well being. The eye's
- sensitivity may also play a part in sun/mood relations. A study was done to a group of
- people in the winter and summer. In the winter the many individuals experienced much more
- difficulty seeing dim light after sitting in the dark for a while.3 Another study done in
- Vancouver shows that electrical activity in the retinas when a bright light is shone, is
- significantly less in winter4.
-
- As much as 5% of Americans suffer from Seasonal Affective
- disorder, also known as SAD5. SAD is an illness in which the sufferers feel depressed, feel
- lethargic, and they overeat . There is no known cause for this widespread illness. Many
- researchers of SAD are speculating on the idea that SAD patients might have seasonal
- variations in their melatonin secretions. A study of melatonin patterns in SAD sufferers
- was done to determine if melatonin was a factor in the disorder. Since mostly women are
- affected by SAD, researchers used healthy women as the control. The researchers who found
- that the significant difference in winter and summer pacemaking that occurred in SAD
- patients also saw similar patterns in the healthy women. Other studies show that a SAD
- sufferer's eye usually does not take in as much sunlight in the winter as a normal person,
- which may exaggerate the depression and other symptoms.6 Most SAD patients treated with
- light therapy for a few weeks usually lose the depression. SAD patients that tended to eat
- more than one portion of sweet things (such as chocolate, cake, or ice cream) per day
- usually found temporary relief from their illness.7 Swiss scientists believe that the sweet
- foods seems to "trigger" the release of the same mood-altering substances that light
- triggers.
-
- Nevertheless, light -- or lack thereof -- can really get under our skin. For instance,
- "Rapid changes in the day length greatly modify the daily cycle of sleep and melatonin
- secretion," report researchers led by psychiatrist Thomas A. Wehr of the National Institute
- of Mental Health, ". . . brain mechanisms that detect and respond to seasonal changes in
- day length may have been conserved in the course of human evolution."8 The findings with
- the sun's affect on humans matched those already observed in rats. Many of us have not yet
- realized what an important factor light is in our daily life. "Light is a complex stimulus
- that has been inadequately specified, given the intense clinical experimentation of the
- last five years."9 Research with these results easily prove that the sun and light really
- do alter our mood, and have a great influence on our lives.
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